Issue 3 (August)

The research on the optimization of the internal management system and the sustainable development of universities is of great significance for improving the management level of universities and promoting their development. At present, there are many problems in the optimization of internal management system and sustainable development in Chinese universities, such as imperfect internal management system, lack of systematic and scientific internal management system, and failure to pay attention to information construction. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to improve the internal management system of colleges and universities, construct the internal management system of colleges and universities, construct the information management system of colleges and universities, and establish and perfect the internal management and assessment system. Through these measures, the management level of Chinese universities can be improved and its sustainable development can be promoted. This paper analyzes the optimization and sustainable development of the internal management system in universities in order to provide reference for the healthy development of universities in China.

This paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital transformation on green innovation using a sample of China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022. The empirical analysis shows that digital transformation has a significant impact on green innovation technology. Further mechanism analysis concludes that digital transformation significantly increases investor attention, thereby strongly promoting the development of green innovation technology. This study indicates that in the context of digital transformation, enterprises should adopt green innovation technology as a driving development strategy to enhance corporate value and provide.

Earnings management refers to the practice where companies manipulate financial statements to alter their true economic condition to achieve certain objectives. Earnings management impacts the quality of a company's financial reporting and market efficiency. It is closely related to factors such as fiduciary responsibility, corporate tax burden, relational transactions, internal controls, litigation risk, and CEO characteristics. The main methods include earnings manipulation, real activity earnings management, and accrual-based earnings management. Engaging in earnings management negatively affects the authenticity and reliability of a company's financial statements and information disclosure. Therefore, companies should improve internal control and supervision mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of adverse impacts.

This study investigates the audit risks associated with data assets, which have become increasingly vital in the digital economy. As data assets differ significantly from traditional assets due to their intangibility, replicability, and complex valuation processes, traditional audit frameworks are inadequate for identifying and assessing the specific risks they pose. The research highlights the necessity of establishing a specialized audit framework tailored to data assets, cultivating multidisciplinary audit professionals, and adopting innovative audit technologies such as blockchain, AI, and RPA. These measures are essential for ensuring the accuracy, compliance, and security of data assets in financial statements. The study also addresses the importance of effective governance and management of data assets, emphasizing the role of internal controls and the potential risks of significant misstatements due to errors or fraud. The findings provide valuable insights for auditors and accounting firms, guiding them in adapting their practices to meet the challenges presented by data assets, thus safeguarding the integrity of financial reporting in the digital era.

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of vegetable sales data. Using Python, the collected data was integrated, categorized, and checked for missing values with the "missingno" library. Anomalies were detected using box plots, revealing a few outliers, which were retained as they more accurately reflect real business phenomena. The analysis explored distribution patterns and interrelationships of sales quantities across different vegetable categories and individual items. Time series decomposition revealed significant seasonal variations in sales volumes throughout the year. Model accuracy was validated through residual analysis, and missing values were imputed using the Prophet model. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) calculated distance matrices between categories to uncover similarities. K-means clustering analyzed sales trends and seasonal patterns of individual items, with DTW providing detailed similarity analysis within clusters. This approach identified correlated sales trends, such as the high correlation between Chinese cabbage and bell peppers, indicating that consumers may prefer to purchase these vegetables together. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing supermarket restocking strategies.

This paper analyzes the impact of "Man, Machine, Material, Method and Environment" (4M1E) on the cost of manufacturing products. The research team aims to achieve cost reduction and competitive advantage by eliminating or optimizing non-value-added operations. The paper provides an introduction to the background and motivation of the study, research problem and objectives, and research framework. The objectives of the study include studying the proportion of "method and environment" in product cost and deducing the actual cost of the product, analyzing the cost impact index of 4M1E in product production, and promoting enterprise models for production management optimization, marketing strategy optimization, and environmental optimization to enhance enterprise competitiveness.

In recent years, with the rapid development of international investment, inevitably, the investment disputes between foreign private investors and the host country are increasing. From the results of the cases submitted to ICSID arbitration, it can be seen that the investor’s winning probability is extremely high, which leads to the imbalance of interests between investor and the host country, and it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of host country. In this case, the host country may initiate counterclaim arbitration proceedings against the investor’s arbitration request according to the provisions of international investment arbitration treaties, international investment agreements or domestic laws to offset the investor’s request. However, in the practice of examining and dealing with the counterclaim of the host country, the arbitration tribunal often has strict requirements on the jurisdiction and acceptance conditions of counterclaims. On the one hand, the counterclaim clauses involved in the convention are vague, and the standards of “connection” and “consent” are difficult to identify. On the other hand, the lack of investor’s obligation clauses in investment agreements makes it difficult to obtain strong legal support for counterclaims. In order to solve the application dilemma of the host country’s counterclaim rules in practice, the arbitral tribunal should give priority to factual relevance when judging whether the counterclaim is related to the original claim. The way of opposing the request for “consent” should be appropriately modified, and a broader identification standard should be adopted. On the one hand, the host country should strive to set up a special counterclaim clause in the investment agreement, and adjust the rights and obligations structure of both parties in international investment agreement.